Imperial Decline in East Asia – China, 1861-1912

Syllabus: 

• Tongzhi restoration and Self-Strengthening Movement (1861–1894); Cixi
• Impact of defeat in the Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895); Guangxu and the Hundred Days’ Reform (1898)
• Boxer Rebellion (1900–1901); the late Qing reforms
• Sun Yixian and the causes of the 1911 Xinhai Revolution; the reasons for its failure