Korean isolation: Queen Min; opening (1876)

How was Korea ‘Opened’? 1866-1876 Choson Korea Ruled by Chosun dynasty since 1392, hereditary Monarchy heavily influenced by Chinese culture (buddhism, confucianism) Korea did not have military class = it had upper class called Yangban Invaded many times (Japanese 1592-7 invasion) Manchus 1627-1636 invaded before they invaded China Manchus forced Korea to pay tribute to …

How and why did Japan become an Imperial Power?

Causes Meiji restoration Foreigner hate = wanted to strengthen Japan (resist domination) AIM: Rich country, strong army - economic reforms Throw off asia Martial/Samurai spirit = BUSHIDO = always been a military country Yamagata Aritomo - ex-Samurai who became the founding father of the Modern Japanese army Believed in Social Darwinism Strong eat up the …

The rise of Japanese military power; victory in war

Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) Causes Imo Mutiny in July 23 1882 Violent uprising in Seoul who were angered at Emperor Kojong’s support for reform and modernisation ⇒ incorporating JP soldiers in new army structure Unpaid wages Poor working and living conditions Provoked by the Japanese Japanese decided to send a delegate to meet with Korean officials …

Social, Cultural and Economic Development in Meiji Japan

Social changes Samurai Ranks changed to “commoners”, spending is taxed (1872) Mass conscription introduced - reduced purpose of Samurai (1873) All incomes are converted to government bonds (1876) Samurai banned from carrying weapons (1876) Commoners No shi-no-ko-sho (1870) Restrictions on dress/hair/occupation ended (1870) Discrimination ended for outcasts (1870) Education Mass schooling introduced (1872) 4 years …

The Meiji Restoration (1868) and the 1889 Constitution

Causes: Long-term Political conflict 1600-1868: New government called Bakufu Period is known as the Tokugawa Bakufu Shogun - general in charge, Daimyo - regional lords, Samurai - kept Daimyo in power All discouraged change Samurai culture did not want modern warfare Factionalism between lords Still had shinokosho caste system = four divisions of society = …

Boxer Rebellion (1900-01) and Late Qing Reforms (1901-1911)

Boxer Rebellion (1900-01) Causes Boxer rebellion – impact Bad for conservatives Cixi in Aug 1900 – blamed herself – desire to reform on her own Jan 1901 – advice for reforms!! Wanted to turn China into a constitutional monarchy – make Qing last longer Had reforms led by Cixi and imperial court Key features Leadership …

Sun Yat Sen and the 1911 Revolution

Sun Yat Sen Witnessed China’s defeat in Sino-JP war = humiliated 1887 - studied in HK, medicine → efficiency of the British = impressive = contrast with Canton = need change Made contact with secret society in 1893 Rejected reform Connected with Li Hongzhang No audience for reform Rejected by Beijing - OVERTHROW DYNASTY! 3 …

Guangxu and the 100 Days Reforms

Causes Medium Term Foreign exploitation Sino-Japanese war Demanded immediate reforms Building pressure from below = China was once the dominant power of Asia Sino-French War from 1884 to 1885 Scramble for concessions 1894-1895 Weakness of China Self-strengthening movement had failed = declining to reform the government or civil society Immediate Spring 1895: 600 Confucian Scholars …

Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)

Causes Disagreements over Korea Arguments over Korea between China and Japan 1876 Japan increases influence by making Korea open trade (Treaty of Kanghwa) 1882, Imo incident, 1884, Gapsin Coup, both sides send troops to put down uprising against Korean King (like a proxy war, supporting various politicians) 1885 = Convention of Tientsin, both sides promised …

The Tongzhi Restoration and the Self Strengthening Movement (1861-94)

Causes Long term Western imperialism HK became colony of Britain in 1842 Opium wars, CN defeated by Britain/France in 1862 Drug addicts, social instability Internal rebellions Taiping Rebellion, 20 million people died (1850-64) Between Manchu rule and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (oppositional government) China tried to restore power (1861) by reforms from Emperor Tongzhi Medium …